Letter of Transmittal Essays - Zika Virus, Health, Medicine

Letter of Transmittal TO: Professor Saporito FROM: Denisha Sydney DATE: December 11 th , 2016 SUBJECT: Recommendation Report on Breastfeeding Practices in A reas of Zika virus Transmission Dear Ms. Saporito : This report provides recommendations on Breastfeeding P ractices in Areas of Zika virus Transmission. There is presently a vast scale plague of Zika infection disease in the Americas. For the vast majority, contaminations brought about by Zika infection prompt to a mellow and fleeting sickness, yet Zika has now been affirmed as the reason for fetal microcephaly and other birth imperfections, and it has been connected to certain neurological issue. This article offers some knowledge into Zika infection disease, administration of ladies who are pregnant or arranging a pregnancy, and the ramifications of Zika infection for rehearsing maternity specialists in the UK. This report will analyze h ealth impacts and dangers that may hinder contamination amid pregnancy which can bring about genuine birth surrenders and is connected with other pregnancy issues. Several nations that have encountered Zika flare-ups as of late have reported increments in individuals who have Guillain-Barre disorder (GBS). Zika virus and infant feeding will continue to follow the research development in the area of infant feeding, especially in the context of the Zika virus outbreak. The steering group will meet at or before 6 months from publication of this guideline, to review any new data and determine whether an update might be indicated. This report is also credi ted to the assistance of Ministry of Environmental Public Health along with my extensive research. For further details, you can contact me anytime at your inconvenience. Denisha Sydney Recommendation Report Breastfeed ing Practices in Areas of Zika V irus Transmission. Denisha Sydney Monroe College This is an introduction to recommend breastfeeding practices in areas of Zika virus transmission, and their implementation s . It may also be used to inform communication to the general public. TABLE OF CONTENTS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 PROBLEM 6 BACKGROUND 6 BODY 7 CONCLUSIONS 13 RECOMMENDATIONS 14 REFERENCES 15 ABSTRACT / EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report will assist the Ministry of Public Health Emergency of International Concern with implementing programs to minimize transmission of Zika Virus infants. Zika infection is a mosquito-borne infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes; a similar mosquito likewise transmits other vector-borne illnesses - dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. Right now, there is no treatment or immunization to ensure particularly ag ainst Zika infection disease. This rule is a piece of an assortment of work that investigates accessible confirmation for conceivable adequate restorative explanations behind transitory or lo ng haul end of breastfeeding. It redesigns the between time direction on breastfeeding with regards to the Zika infection distribu ted by WHO on 25 February 2016 . A deliberate audit taking after the methodology of the Cochrane handbook for precise surveys of intercessions was dispatched to decide the danger of transmission of Zika infection through bosom drain or other breastfeeding-related organic liquids (i.e. blood, sweat and salivation), and to survey the nearness of Zika infection what's more, Zika-particular antibodies in bosom drain and other breastfeeding-related natural liquids. The inquiry technique included electronic databases and also the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO Zika inquire about ventures list (8) and the WHO-facilitated International Clinica l Trials Registry Platform. The survey distinguished two case-reports depicting three mother-infant sets. The three breastfeeding moms had affirmed Zika infection disease and were symptomatic inside 3 days of conveyance. Two of the three newborn children conceived of these moms had affirmed Zika infection disease. The Zika infection was recognized in the bosom drain of every one of the three moms, and appeared to be replicative in cell culture in tests from one mother. In any case, the present information is not adequate to finish up transmission by means of breastfeeding. The orderly survey too distinguished three reviews that affirmed the nearness of the Zika infection in serum and salivation of grown-up ladies and men. No reviews have researched the nearness of Zika infection in sweat. The general nature of confirmation for suspected, plausible or affirmed Zika infection contamina tion among newborn children or youthful kids breastfeeding from moms with Zika infection contamination, and the nearness (recognized

Supply Chain Risk Management

Supply Chain Risk Management Introduction Risk is one of the concepts that continuously attract the attention of business administrators and scholars. This paper is aimed at discussing this notion within the context of supply chain management. In particular, it is necessary to examine the theories and models that can be used to manage risks and increase organizational resilience to internal and external threats. This report will consist of several sections.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, one should provide the definitions of main concepts such as internal and external risk. Furthermore, this paper will include a review of research articles that can be used to identify different theoretical frameworks or models of supply chain risk management. Overall, one can say that the current research is oriented toward two aspects of risks, namely probability and impact on the sustainabi lity. It should be noted that existing approaches to supply chain risk management cannot be universally applied. As a rule, they were designed to respond to the problems faced by certain types of companies or industries. This is one of the limitations that should be considered. Definitions of the main concepts Overall, the notion of risk can be interpreted as the possibility of loss, hazard, or any other undesirable event. However, researchers, who examine this term from an organizational perspective, describe it as a â€Å"variation in the distribution of possible outcomes, their likelihoods, and their subjective values† (Christopher Peck 2004, p. 4). Therefore, risk is closely connected with the deviation from the established norm. It should be noted that there are two types of risks, namely internal and external. Internal risks take their origins in the inside operations of an organization, in particular, the decisions of the management, structure, RD policies, planning, and so forth (Lin Zhou 2011, p. 164). Each of these aspects lies within the scope of managerial responsibilities. This is one of the details that should be considered. In turn, external risks can be attributed to the factors cannot be controlled or eliminated by the management. For example, one can speak about such threats as natural disasters, political upheavals, or technological catastrophes that can produce detrimental effects on a company. Additionally, it is important to examine such a concept as supply chain management (SCM). Certainly, one can offer several definitions of this term. Yet, researchers usually describe it as the way to control the flow of goods from the suppliers of raw materials to the end users of a product (Sinha, Whitman Malzahn 2004, p. 154). This term is important for understanding the questions that will be discussed.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Le arn More Overall, supply chain risk management (SCRM) can be described as a set of activities that are aimed at identifying various risks and minimizing their probability or influence on an organization. To a great extent, it is a set of activities that are supposed to make a company less vulnerable or susceptible to various threats. For example, the development of a contingency plan is one of the activities included in SCRM. This plan is supposed to give step-by-step instructions that should be carried out provided that a certain event takes place (Christopher Peck 2004). In particular, many companies develop contingency plans to reduce the impact of disruptions. This is one of the possible problems that should be addressed. There are different types of supply chain risks, for instance, one can mention delays, disruptions, forecast risks, procurement risk, the failure to collect receivables, and many other threats (Chopra Sodhi 2004, p. 54). These risks can be attributed to be internal and external factors. These are the main details that can be identified. Literature review It is possible to single out various sources that can throw light on different theories and models that can be helpful for identifying, assessing, or mitigating supply chain risks. On the whole, one can argue that various authors do not always explicitly identify a theory or model that they follow while conducting their research. Yet, it is possible to understand what kind of frameworks they rely on. For example, it is possible to discuss the article written by Martin Christopher and Helen Peck (2004) who discuss the methods of constructing a resilient supply chain. The authors focus on the strategies adopted in various industries such as food retailing, automotive manufacturing, food packaging, and so forth (Christopher Peck 2004, p. 2).The scholars attempt to answer several research questions. First, they try to determine how organizations can reduce the impact of external th reats on their business processes (Christopher Peck 2004, p. 1). Secondly, researchers want to reduce the costs associated with SCRM. These scholars attempt to develop a model of a resilient supply chain. To a great extent, it is based on the contingency theory according to which the management should concentrate on the environment in which the business operates. This theoretical framework implies that one cannot fully eliminate the probability of a certain risk. However, business administrators can develop strategies that can help a company withstand the influence of these environmental factors. This approach can be distinguished because it can enable an organization to remain sustainable at the time of crisis.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In their article, Omera Khan and Marting Christopher (2008) discuss the relevance of product design to SCRM. Th ey study this question within the context of such industries as fashion retail and clothing manufacturing (Khan Christopher 2008, p. 412). These authors show how companies can improve their SCRM by viewing design as a component of supply chain. Moreover, they demonstrate how this partnership can be established. These are the main questions that these researchers examine. One of their arguments is that designers and suppliers should closely interact with one another in order to reduce the probability of supply chain risks (Khan Christopher 2008, p. 418). This study illustrates the application of the stakeholder theory which is used for the management of risks. According to this approach, the stakeholders, who may have various interests, can represent the supply chain. More importantly, different problems can be addressed or avoided if various participants are able to cooperate with one another in order to resolve conflicts and misunderstandings. This is the main principles that sho uld be followed. This framework should be disregarded because in many cases, supply chain problems can be attributed to miscommunication or lack of coordination. It can be a valuable tool for reducing the probability of risk. The importance of design is examined Yong Lin and Li Zhou (2011). In particular, these scholars explore the impact of changes in design on various supply chain risks (Lin Zhou, 2011, p. 162). They look at the way in which this issue manifests itself in the special-purpose vehicle industry. There are several questions which these researchers discuss. First, they try to determine whether a certain risks can occur due to design changes requested by clients (Lin Zhou, 2011, p. 164). Secondly, they focus on the impact of such requests on the functioning of the supply chain. Overall, their findings suggest that such changes in design often lead to external and internal supply chain risks that can be related to production process or delivery of goods to clients. Thi s study is also based on the stakeholder theory of risk. Additionally, it is possible to review the article written by Sunil Chopra and ManMohan Sodhi (2004) who study the ways of avoiding supply-chain breakdowns. These scholars discuss a variety of supply chain risks to which a business can be exposed. Overall, they do not test a certain hypothesis or answer research questions. Instead, they survey a set of methods that can mitigate various risks. One can say these scholars present a model of a resilient supply chain that is able to withstand the impact of environmental factors. Such an approach is useful for reducing the impact or risks.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One can also speak about the work of Pankai Sinha, Larry Whitman, and Don Malzahn (2004). These researchers strive to develop techniques for the mitigation of risks that can affect the supply chain in the aerospace industry. They scholars do not discuss a specific research question or a hypothesis. They are more interested in identifying techniques which enable the managers to reduce the probability and impact of risks. This article illustrates the so-called IDEFO model of managing risk (Sinha, Whitman, Malzahn 2004, p. 166). The model is premised on the idea that supply chain managers should be ready for the worst-case scenarios. By relying on stress testing, they can identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Furthermore, these professionals should adopt the policy of continuous improvement (Sinha, Whitman, Malzahn 2004, p. 166). This model can be singled out because it is a useful technique for evaluating the resilience of the supply chain. The article written b y Steen Christiansen and Jesper Jensen (2009) is also worth attention because it illustrates the application of such a model as the fishbone diagram as a method of improving the work of the supply chain. This study is aimed at discussing packaging performance qualification (Christiansen Jensen 2009, p. 77). In particular, the scholars want to determine â€Å"the minimum performance qualification batch size for assembly and packaging processes† (Christiansen Jensen 2009, p. 77). These processes can be viewed as important elements of the supply chain. The writers show how a fishbone diagram can be used to identify the causes of various problems or variations in the functioning of the supply chain (Christiansen Jensen 2009, p. 83). This model is helpful for understanding the pinpointing the weaknesses in the supply chain. This is why it should not be overlooked. This use of this model is also described in the article by Angela Tidwell and Scott Sutterfield (2012). The main go al of their study is to discuss the selection of suppliers with the help of such a tool as Quality Function Deployment (2012, p. 284). They researchers focus on the needs of businesses that are engaged in toothpaste packaging (Tidwell Sutterfield 2012, p. 284). The main task is to exemplify the common challenges that companies face when choosing among various suppliers. These authors also illustrate the application of the fishbone diagram. Apart from that, it is possible to look at the article written by Craig Carter and Dale Rogers (2008). To some degree, it can throw light on the use of resource dependence theory. These authors carry out a survey of scholarly articles illustrating theoretical perspectives on the causes of supply chain risks and ways of mitigating them. In this way, they attempt to single out the most relevant approaches to SCRM. For instance, large manufacturers prefer vertical integration. In other words, they prefer to take complete control of their suppliers ( Carter Rogers 2008, p. 272). This strategy is consistent with the principles of resource dependence theory according to which organizations strive to maximize their control of resources such as labor, technologies or raw materials (Carter Rogers 2008). In turn, vertical integration of the supply chain is a way of reducing the probability of risk. Overall, this perspective is useful for explaining the long-term strategies of large manufacturers. Furthermore, one can look the article written by Anthony Paulrai and Chen Injaazz (2011). These authors discuss such a phenomenon as environmental uncertainty and its impact on SCM of various businesses. They want to show how organizations try to become more self-sufficient and reduce the threats to its supply chain. This is the main research question that they focus on. In their opinion, the main trend in SCRM is the integration of supply partners (Paulrai Injaazz 2011, p. 37). This study is also based on the use of resource dependence th eory. The peculiarities of vertical integration are examined in the study carried out by Wei Guan and Jacob (2012). These researchers examine the use of this approach by timber manufacturers (Guan Rehme 2012). The scholars intend to understand the factors that prompt various businesses to adopt this approach. This is the main issue that they are interested in. Overall, timber manufacturers focus on vertical integration because it is critical for responding to the needs of clients (Guan Rehme 2012). In order to do it, they need to make sure that suppliers are effectively managed. So, this way of removing risks takes its origins in the resource dependency theory. These are the most important aspects that can be identified in these articles. Conclusion This analysis indicates that there are different models of supply chain risk management, and each of them has its strengths and weaknesses. First of all, one can say that some of the existing models and theories are mostly aimed at imp roving organizational capacity to respond to risks or threats. For instance, a contingency theory of risk implies that a company should be ready to respond to the changes in external environment. Therefore, their main purpose is to mitigate the impact of risks. In turn, other frameworks show how the probability of risks can be reduced. It seems that an organization should combine these approaches in order to become more effective. However, one should critically evaluate the applicability of different models and theories. Many of them have been tested only within the context of some specific industries or organizations. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. References Carter, C. Rogers, D 2008, ‘A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory’, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 360-387. Chopra, S Sodhi, M 2004, ‘Managing Risk To Avoid Supply-Chain Breakdownâ€℠¢, MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 53-61. Christiansen, S.H. Jensen, J.B.T. 2009, Packaging Performance Qualification-A Risk-Based Approach, Journal of Validation Technology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 77-85. Christopher, M Peck, H 2004, ‘Building the resilient supply chain’, International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1-13. Guan, W. Rehme, J. 2012, ‘Vertical integration in supply chains: driving forces and consequences for a manufacturers downstream integration’, Supply Chain Management, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 187-201. Khan, O Kristopher, M 2008, ‘The impact of product design on supply chain risk: a case study’, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 412-432. Lin, Y Zhou, L 2011, ‘The impacts of product design changes on supply chain risk: a case study’, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 162 -186. Paulraj, A. Chen, I.J. 2007, Environmental Uncertainty and Strategic Supply Management: A Resource Dependence Perspective and Performance Implications, Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 29-42. Sinha, P., Whitman, L., Malzahn, D 2004, ‘Methodology to mitigate supplier risk in an aerospace supply chain’, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 154-168. Tidwell, A. Sutterfield, S 2012, Supplier selection using QFD: a consumer products case study, The International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 284-294.

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Ecuador Essay -- agricultural contam

The Costa region is located between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains, and is made up of coastal lowlands, coastal mountains, and hilly hills that separate river valleys. Ecuador has a long and varied coastline. It is the country’s most fertile and productive land. The crops that would be commonly found in this region are: Bananas, rice crop, and cocoa. The truly coastal provinces have active fisheries. Coastal waters are rich with anchovies, mackerel, tuna, shrimp, fish, tilapia, and crab. Shrimp and tilapia are raised in small ponds. Cocoa is grown primarily by small scale farmers mainly in tropical cropping systems. Rice is a very important crop grown by small and medium scale farmers. (1) Most of this nation’s bananas, cacao, coffee and sugar cane are raised on plantations in the coastal lowlands. Oranges and rice are also grown in the coastal lowlands. Ecuador is the world’s leading producer of balsa wood which grows in the coastal lowlands. (5) The Sierra region has two major chains of the Andes Mountains, the Coproduce mainly beef and dual purpose cattle with dairy. For a country that’s no bigger than the state of Colorado, it’s amazing how diverse its agricultural regions are. (1) SOURCES: 1) Central Intelligence Agency, CIA, (2013), â€Å"South America: Ecuador†, http://www.cia.gov/library/publications, World Fact book 2) CROPS, U.S. Library of Congress, 1989. http://countrystudies.us/ecuador/46.htm 3) Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles , J.M. Suttie and S.G. Reynolds in January, 2003 and modified by S.G. Reynolds in May 2006, http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/pasture/forage.htm 4) Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2014 Advameg, Inc., http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Ecuador-ENVIRONMENT.html#ixzz2rMkJUyg3 5) World Book Encyclopedia, 2014, World Book inc., Chicago, IL 6) Culture Shock Ecuador, Nicholas Crowder, Marshall Cavendish 2001, Tarrytown, NY

Help in a Dangerous or Troublesome Circumstances Essay

Helping in a Dangerous or Troublesome Circumstances - Essay Example   The author of the paper states that Jenifer was driving on a high way and suddenly noted a little girl, maybe four years old, running across the road, right in front of her. Each way of the road had four lines and she was driving on the second line from the side of the road from which the child emerged. The child seemed to be alone because no one was even following her or was along the road at the point at which she attempted to cross. Maybe she had lost her guardian somewhere in the streets and was trying to trace the guardian. The first lane, where the little girl was at the time, appeared safe, from Jenifer’s side mirror. A vehicle was behind her and though it was at a distant, it would take its driver extreme level of caution to avoid a collision had Rachel made an emergency brake.  Three options existed with decisions to be made within a second a second or two. Jenifer could slow down and move to the first lane to avoid hitting the child and any associated legal and moral liability and this would be a safe option for her. She would have also tried to stop before reaching the child and shout at her to stop running and even though this had minimal chances of saving the child, it also risked her car to being hit from behind. Jenifer, however, implemented a third option, one that was even more risky for her and the driver behind her but offered higher chances of saving the child. She decided to accelerate the car, to reach the child before she crosses into the second lane, and stop the car right in front of her. She explains that even though she did not think of the car behind her then, the driver would have a reasonable time to stop the car or to move to the first lane at a lower speed that could avoid running over the little girl. This succeeded and even though there was an impact between her car and the child, this occurred when the car had already stopped and the child was safe.

Article Summary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article Summary - Research Paper Example Now as per the new initiatives, the banks’ lending loans would be able to borrow extra ?5 from FLS for every ?1 they lend to businesses (BBC, 2013, April 24). The extension has been widely accepted but some economic experts still feel that more aggressive actions need to be taken in this regard. Upcoming report for national statistics is expected to show that economy remains flat. Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS) was introduced in August 2012 to bring an increase in bank lending by around ?60bn. Main hope is that this initiative will help keeping economy out of recession and improve the lending and borrowing cycle. Banks borrow finds from Bank of England cheaply and the then passes it on as low interest loans to households and small businesses. The main objective is give incentives to businesses to borrow more money from the banks but there are fears that individuals might not want to borrow much at the current moment of time. Initial responses from the scheme has not been as encouraging as only few banks stepped in the first quarter but the program gradually took off. This scheme has negatively affected the savers and investors in bank deposits as they now have less interest to get and the lending institutions are not pushed to encourage people to invest in savings accounts. Savings account offerings have gone down to 3% now. The mechanism for Funding and lending scheme is that when lenders approach bank of England, they swap their assets with the bank. And treasury bills are provided to them in return. Then the banks borrow cheap money from other lending institutions in wholesale financial markets with the backing of these treasury bills. The commercial banks are then able to use these bits of paper as top quality backing with which to borrow cash in the wholesale financial markets, from other lenders. With the Treasury's backing, the idea is that they will be able to borrow funds at very cheap rates. To keep performance levels in check initially the b anks will access 5% of funds they lend and as their lending increases, they can borrow more. On the other end if the lending decreases, then the banks will have to pay interest of 1.5% as compared to just 0.25% at initial stage. For the protection of tax payer’s bank of England uses the concept of hair cut. The banks will have to pledge the collateral more than worth of papers being issued by the Bank of England. In this case if a bank borrows ?1 Treasury bill then it has to pledge more than ?1, amount such as ?1.10 to ?1.20. So if the value of asset falls then tax payers would be somewhat protected as the bank of England would not suffer top slice of the loss. Analysis: Positive Chain reaction: On the face of it, it seems to be a good scheme as more economic activity can be generated on microeconomic level and the economy of England can have a positive effect due to that. If more money is available to the people than they can open new businesses, which in turn will generate more jobs. This can lead to increase in purchasing patterns of general public, which is healthy for businesses in return. Due to increased jobs and earnings, people have more money available to save, which is usually deposited in banks. The banks can then lend that money to businesses and earn their interests as well. So this scheme is aimed to achieve this positive chain reaction. Many economists has positive expectations from this scheme and there is a hope among representative party in England that this scheme might be a breakthrough initiative

Conflict Resolution Essay Example for Free

Conflict Resolution Essay As a manager, I think the best strategy for relaying the company’s decision to downsize would be by oral communication having a formal meeting with the whole team. I believe this is the best method because it keeps morale up and structure within the business. The team will appreciate honesty, and while they still have some concerns, they feel confident that you have their backs – even if things do not work out. (Breaking the News). The lines of communications between upper management and employees become open so each part has time to explain their side and also answer any questions. In a managerial position, it is difficult to explain to employees that the company is thinking about downsizing. In reference to the story #2 Breaking the News A â€Å"Tell Your Team About Downsizing† Adventure the company told management that downsizing was going to happen across the business affecting 100 employees. Employees affected by the downsizing are most of the sandwich development department and brine recycling traditional print marketing department. The online marketing teams will not be affected , and no more downsizing will occur the rest of the year. Management should hold a face to face meeting with all employees. The best way to handle gossip is by avoiding small talk, management should clearly explain the current situation without being too dramatic and be prepared to answer questions. Avoid beating around the bush. It is extremely important to explain details to all employee. Work place gossip can cause a great deal of harm to an organization. There are several ways in which gossip can hurt a business. The ways are listed as follows: Lost productivity and wasted time, morale and trust can no longer exist, increased anxiety among employees as rumors circulate without any clear information as to what is fact and what is not, divisiveness tends to grow among employees as people may take a side, and employees feelings and reputations are hurt, sometimes causing severe damage. Address the online marketing team who will not be affected by the downsizing by hold a face to face oral meeting as well. Management that the company is trying to make the business more efficient as we become more profitable and that is why the downsizing is occurring. Be up front and  honest letting the team know that they are not being affected. This approach reassures to the team that management has their back and really cares about them. It also calms office rumors and puts everyone on the â€Å"same page†. A personal work experience similar to the scenario in Story #2 Breaking the News A â€Å"Tell Your Team About Downsizing† Adventure would be when I sold cars for a small family owned car lot in Houston who laid me off without notice. I had been hearing rumors that the company was not making a lot of money, but I brushed it to the side. My sales team received our pay checks for the week and went to our respective banks and found out they were all declined. I went back to the car lot to tell the owner that all the payroll checks were declined , and he said, â€Å"We should go to hi s bank to cash them†. Two weeks later we were all laid off , and the car lot was eventually closed. If I were the owner of the car dealership I would have been up front and honest with the employees letting them know that the business was just opening , and that decisions were being made to build profit and sell cars. I believe the owner had an opportunity when the payroll checks were declined to tell his employees details of the business.

George Washington Carver :: essays research papers

George Washington Carver   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George Washington Carver was born a slave in Diamond Grove, Missouri. As a small child Carver was rescued from a band of Confederate kidnappers. From early on Carver was determined to get himself an education. Carver began his schooling in Newton Country, and while attending school he also worked very hard as a farm hand. While working and studying Carver lived in a one-room schoolhouse, and as time went on he excelled as sought out for higher education. Because of his race Carver was denied on attending Highland University. In 1887 Carver got excepted to Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carver made many outstanding contributions to the agricultural world and also on America it’s self. Carver changed the face of Agriculture in the south with his crop rotation methods. Carver discovered through research and trail and error ways to help soil stay fertile. Through this discovery the nutrients would stay in the ground, and crops could be planted on the same soil year after year. Carver discovered that planting peanut one year then the next planting cotton would keep the soil fertial for the following year. The peanuts contained nitrate-producing legumes, and the cotton took all the nutrients from the soil, so the soil was fresh each planting season. The farmer took his peanuts and used them as a source of food for their livestock. Carver did not over look the peanuts as just food for animals, and found over 325 ways to use the peanuts for other reasons than food. He used peanuts to make peanut butter, cooking oil, printer ink, and many more use ful applications for the peanut. Carver being the introvator that he was also found many ways for the pecan and sweet potato to help the soil. Carver developed many synthetic products that could be used by all people and not too hard to make. Carver developed adhesives, bleach, cheese, instant coffee, syntheic rubber, and Worcestershire souce just to name a few.

The global environment

The protection of the planetary environment has become one of the cardinal aims of the international community in recent decennaries. The major environmental issues such as clime alteration, ozone depletion, deforestation acid rain and loss of biodiversity are planetary in range. [ 1 ] Climate alteration is a planetary long-run job ( up to several centuries ) that involves complex interactions with environmental, economic, political, institutional, societal and technological procedures. The international community has taken legal stairss to battle clime alteration. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ; the Kyoto Protocol and other clime related instruments are all legal instruments which target clime alteration extenuation. These legal instruments have created a differentiation in footings of duties and duties between the developed and the development states through the rule of common but differentiated duties. [ 2 ] The rule of common but differentiated duty has developed from the application of equity in general international jurisprudence for the particular demands of developing states which must be taken into history in the development, application and reading of regulations of international environmental jurisprudence. [ 3 ] The Framework Convention on Climate Change ( Climate Convention ) ,1 signed at the 1992 United Nations â€Å" Earth Acme † in Rio de Janeiro, is the first international legal instrument to turn to clime alteration and is arguably the most comprehensive international effort to turn to inauspicious alterations to the planetary environment.Principle 7 [ 4 ]States shall collaborate in a spirit of planetary partnership to conserve, protect and reconstruct the wellness and unity of the Earth ‘s ecosystem. In position of the different parts to planetary environmental debasement, States have common but differentiated duties. The developed states acknowledge the duty that they bear in the international chase of sustainable development in position of the force per unit areas their societies place on the planetary environment and of the engineerings and fiscal resources they command. he overruling end of the Convention is the â€Å" stabilisation of nursery gas concentrations in the ambiance at a degree that would forestall unsafe anthropogenetic intervention ith the clime system. â€Å" [ 5 ] The rule of common but differentiated duties, one of the cardinal constructs of sustainable development, has double foundation ; the force per unit areas developed states topographic point on the planetary environment ; and the engineerings and fiscal resources they command. Though the developed states are loath to acknowledge the first foundation, the developing states have a strong purchase to bring on the former to accept differentiated intervention in their favour. [ 7 ] The contemplation of this rule takes two signifiers: one is â€Å" dual criterions † in environmental protection criterions every bit good as their execution in favour of developing states ; and the other is assistance by developed states for sustainable development of developing states. The impression of common but differentiated duty is comprised of two distinguishable yet mutualist constituents: ( 1 ) common duty and ; ( 2 ) differentiated duty. The first represents the shared duties of two or more States when the inquiry of protection of a specific environmental resource is raised. [ 8 ] The 2nd relates to distinguish environmental criterions which are articulated around legion factors such as particular demands and fortunes, future economic development of states, and the historic part of a state or group of states to the creative activity of an environmental job.Article 10 Kyoto protocol [ 9 ]All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated duties and their specific national and regional development precedences, aims and fortunes, without presenting any new committednesss for Parties non included in Annex I, but reaffirming bing committednesss under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, and go oning to progress the execution of these committ ednesss in order to accomplish sustainable development, taking into history Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the Convention, shall:Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible, cost-efficient national and, where appropriate, regional programmes to better the quality of local emanation factors, activity informations and/or theoretical accounts which reflect the socio-economic conditions of each Party for the readying and periodic updating of national stock lists of anthropogenetic emanations by beginnings and remotions by sinks of all nursery gases non controlled by the Montreal Protocol, utilizing comparable methodological analysiss to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties, and consistent with the guidelines for the readying of national communications adopted by the Conference of the Parties ;F CDBR is illustration of emerging perceptual experiences of equity.Duncan French ( 2000 ) . Developing States and International Environmental Law: The Importance of Diffe rentiated Responsibilities.International & A ; Comparative Law Quarterly,49, pp 35-60 doi:10.1017/S0020589300063958Mustapher, Ntale, Rethinking the Application of the Principle of ‘Common but Differentiated Responsibilities ‘ in the International Climate Legal Framework ( December 6, 2008 ) . Available at SSRN: hypertext transfer protocol: //ssrn.com/abstract=1312282Bharat Agarwal, The Principle Of Common But Differentiated Responsibility In Environmental LawRio Declaration on Environment and Development 1992 United Nations ( UN )United Nations Conference on Environment and Development: Framework Convention on Climate Change, May 9, 1992, art. 2, 31 I.L.M. at 854.Duncan French ( 2000 ) . Developing States and International Environmental Law: The Importance of Differentiated Responsibilities.International & A ; Comparative Law Quarterly,49, pp 35-60 doi:10.1017/S0020589300063958International Environmental Agreements: Politicss, Law and Economics, Springer Netherlands, Vol ume 2, Number 2 / June, 2002, pg. 151-170 www.springerlink.comP. Sands, Principles of International Environmental Law: Models, Standards and Implementation, 1st edn. ( Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996 ) at 217.KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

Caret Internet Cafe Essay

1. Executive Summary Internet becomes one of the most important aspects in communication. Not only for browsing, do research, communicating, but also playing game and access social media. Internet already becomes a lifestyle, without it some people will get frustrated. Warnet are very popular in Indonesia, for they allow those who cannot afford computers the advantage of being online and participating in global communications,† Rudy Rusdiah, the chairman of the Indonesian Internet Kiosks Association (Awari) said. During the economic crisis in 2008, it was very difficult for a great number of the population to purchase a computer, let alone afford the cost of installing a phone line. The introduction of Internet cafes or kiosks and their growth in the nation has been beneficial to the public. There is a diverse variety of warnet in Jakarta. They range from the street-side computer terminals to plush cafe environments. In current situation, the competition of computer manufacturer and the increasing of income level of people in Jakarta made the situation a bit change; many of people can affordable computer, smart phone and mini gadgets become people choice to suitable with their needs. Still the need of internet connection is become bigger a line with the growth of population in Jakarta. This business plan will make a design of what internet cafe can provide as a new unique services that different with common warnet in the past. The price war of computer and electronic device make an affordable price for people to buy it, therefore focusing in providing computer is no longer effective in 2013. Instead the traffic of internet user is become an issue, for example the telkomsel 3g connection become bad and the price is high. Selling the internet connection itself can help people to get high speed connection for downloading, playing, browsing, and do their stuff. Most warnet in Indonesia providing thei r customer a computer access which is need extra capital for it. Usually warnet offer internet access and rent per hour for using that computer. The cost to invest and maintain the desktop is quite high comparing with the productivity income that one desktop can give. Moreover if the customer didn’t have the sense of belonging that will decrease the durable of computer. Because the rapid growing of technology and the price of  electronic device is decrease easily after new technology appears, the consumptive of customer become booming and if investors follow to invest their money in electronic device such as computer the depreciation will dramatically go down. CARET Cafe Internet offer customer with high speed internet access without providing customer the desktop. The computer or the gadget itself is already become prime device that almost everybody have. This place also offer games that can be access by giving copy game trough HD or flash disk. The game will be updated twice a month to make customer feel enjoy playing the game without buffering the update. Customer can bring their own laptop and the place will be p roviding sockets. The internet access for each room will have password for Wi-Fi access and each user will need to register the id and password in the counter in order to access the internet. The place will be as big as 200m2 separated with 5 rooms that each rooms can fit 15 persons. And each room can be booked for gaming tournament or even for meeting room. The room will be sound proof and also have chair and table set. There will be a cleaning service that will maintain the cleanliness of each room. This business will sell high speed internet access, cozy place, food and beverages. The unique point of this business is no need investment in desktop, only focusing on high speed internet access and the router. CARET will have a canteen that offers food with low medium price range of 20.000-50.000. For the drinks customer can have a coffee and tea blended drinks. The food and beverages will only become complement as the business grow, this element can be improve further more. Target market of this busin ess will aim. Student: Student that need a fun place to spend their time with friends and playing together Student that need a place to do their assignment with internet connection Gamers: People that have passion in playing game and searching cozy and fast internet Businessman: People that search a place to conduct meeting during lunch break The business is unique that we provide place and connection with a cozy moreover, what they need such as meal and drinks are there. It’s a place where people can spend a lot of their time to play, do assignment, hanging around, and as a meeting point. The main investment in this business will be: Investment a place in good place near campus. Investment in IT support such as modem, Wi-Fi routers, and software that can create multiple ID and password for same Internet connection. Investment in furnishing the place to create a signature of modern and cozy place. Investment in Sofa, chair and table approximately 75 chairs and 10 sofas at beginning. Investment in coffee roasters and cafe stall. Investment in kitchen and food equipment 2. Description of the Business This business focusing on give a convinience place for the customers, and the customer will be paid based on hourly for accessing the Wi-Fi. The front counter will have HD or flash disk that contain of many game customer can play just ask to copy it trough their laptop. The mission is to bring modern and fun athmosphere in the place. Cleanliness of the place Fast connection Comfortable seat Variety of updated games provided. Usually common warnet will be fully of the customer because of the game trend, and this business will also trying identify what kind of games that trend in this time. Objectives Short-term Description Gain awareness from people around the location Fulfill the place 80% of capacity Distribute pamphlet around campus and office Using buzz marketing Give a free one hour internet connection To make the place active and attract more customer to come, by inviting gamers to conduct a game tournament. Long-term Description Remapping people mind set about warnet Noticed by businessman Open franchise Give a positive value that warnet not always need to provide computer rather providing high speed internet connection Create a unique place that comfort not only for student, but also for customer which need a place to conduct a meeting. Leverage the business trough other investor capital Picture 2.1 Business Process Diagram Key Elements Type of business Warnet Product or services High speed internet connection and cozy place Unique selling point Only providing connection and comfort place without providing desktop Growth Potential Can attract new segment customer, that not only focus in gaming customer, but a worker staff that want to conduct a meeting during break time. 3. Marketing Range population in South Jakarta shown as bellow, the target market is age around 15-50 which reach 1,375,570 peoples and if the 22.1% is willing to connected with internet there will be 304000 people that will be our target market. The market is targeted for people who in the productive age that use internet as a tool to gain information and have fun with friends. Based on internet research, there are listed 12 warnets spread out around South Jakarta. There will be 25000 target markets for each warnet if the target equally distributed. Barriers to entry Warnet have common things on sale, which are computer rental and internet connection, while CARET will follow the market behavior that only focusing on internet connection and cozy place. There are several things that can avoid competitor to copy such a business: 1. Strategic location(Near Campus Bina Nusantara JWC and Moestopo) 2. IT technology that make a modern business model and secure place 3. Focusing on high speed internet connection that can reach 20mbps 4. Can freely download without any limitation 5. Facility that include projector and good place to even conduct a meeting 6. Clean and full furnish place that make it cozy and different with common warnet 7. Have a cafà © inside that provide drink and meal Competitor Analysis Based on research in South Jakarta, HANANET have quite high internet connection around 7.2 mbps that in average warnet in South Jakarta only have 2-5mbps. The strength on HANANET: 1. Stable and high internet connection 2. Unique product that can give package play for 100.000 in whole day Weakness: 1. Bad environment for play, no separation smoking area 2. The properties not managed well The rate per hour is Rp6,000,- Sales Projection The full capacity of CARET is for 100 peoples in the first month of opening, the target capacity will be 80% loaded because the need of internet connection, roughly 20% only from BINUS INTER student will spend their free time connected with internet. People around such as student will be delight to buy these services. 1 CARET will be better than the competitor because of the modern environment there are: 1. Separated smoke room 2. Cleanliness that maintain by cleaning service /hour 3. Cafà © that provided food and drinks 4. High speed connection that reach 50mbps 5. Facility that also support for meeting purpose Promotion First of all to make customer notice that there is a new place that provide high speed connection, CARET will give a brochure and a free one hour coupon for new customer. Latter on the data will be collected for customer behavior analysis. The brochure will be spread around 2 campuses BINUS INTERNATIONAL and Moestopo. Under CARET management team, the business will be handled by creating a basic goal for each semester. The main goal will be become a pioneer in developing warnet without computer and be the first top tier warnet in South Jakarta. Picture 3.1 BizNet Package promotion For the Internet connection CARET will use BizNet that have a business package that can reach 50mbps. The Advantage using BizNet: Internet access services up to 20 Mbps Safe, fast and very stable The connection uses RJ-45, can be directly connected to a router, firewall, proxy or existing LAN switches Direct peering with multiple Tier-1 provider in the world, large bandwidth capacity for the International and local Picture 3.2 BizNet Internet connection Expense for each month will be define as bellow, for Internet connection CARET will use the best package from BizNet which is can reach 50Mbps, and for router itself, CARET using approximately 10 routers that can cover 100 user at the same time. The technician has a credible skill focusing in maintain stability and sustainability of the connection. ATK are including markers, paper and operational worksheet. Identification and planning for key risk The risk that warnet usually face is the electricity problem or unstable connection for external risk. For the internal risk there will be unprofessional staff in the wrong management that use the facility for own interest. Risk can be avoid, acceptance, mitigate, or transfer. The risk will be classified as: External Risk 1. Electricity problem and unstable connection: Risk avoid: By using genset, power supply and for the connection there will be a technician that can handle such a problem by issuing some teamwork with BizNet 2. Irresponsible Customer Risk avoid: By placing security and CCTV camera around the place 3. Second Liner competitor Risk mitigation: Reducing the risk by creating a unique services such as Saturday tournament and get a link for food and beverages trough franchising example: Chat time, share tea Internal Risk 1. Undedicated staff, low morale staff: Risk avoid: Conduct a month meeting to evaluate work performance and conduct a briefing in the morning.

How to Name a Dinosaur

How to Name a Dinosaur Most working paleontologists dont get the opportunity to name their own dinosaur. In fact, for the most part, paleontology is a somewhat anonymous and tedious occupationthe typical PhD candidate spends most of her days laboriously removing encrusted dirt from newly discovered fossils. But the one chance a field worker really gets to shine is when he or she discoversand gets to namea brand-new dinosaur. (See The 10 Best Dinosaur Names, The 10 Worst Dinosaur Names, and the Greek Roots Used to Name Dinosaurs) There are all sorts of ways to name dinosaurs. Some of the most famous genera are named after prominent anatomical features (e.g., Triceratops, Greek for three-horned face, or Spinosaurus, the spiny lizard), while others are named according to their presumed behavior (one of the most famous examples is Oviraptor, which means egg thief, even though the charges later turned out to be overblown). A bit less imaginatively, many dinosaurs are named after the regions where their fossils were discoveredwitness the Canadian Edmontosaurus and the South American Argentinosaurus. Genus Names, Species Names, and the Rules of Paleontology In scientific publications dinosaurs are usually referred to by their genus and species names. For example, Ceratosaurus comes in four different flavors: C. nasicornus, C. dentisulcatus, C. ingens and C. roechlingi. Most ordinary people can get by with just saying Ceratosaurus, but paleontologists prefer to use both the genus and species names, especially when describing individual fossils. More often than you might think, a species of a particular dinosaur is promoted to its own genusthis has happened numerous times, for instance, with Iguanodon, some former species of which are now referred to as Mantellisaurus, Gideonmantellia and Dollodon. According to the arcane rules of paleontology, a dinosaurs first official name is the one that sticks. For example, the paleontologist who discovered (and named) Apatosaurus later discovered (and named) what he thought was an entirely different dinosaur, Brontosaurus. When it was determined that Brontosaurus was the same dinosaur as Apatosaurus, official rights reverted back to the original name, leaving Brontosaurus as a deprecated genus. (This sort of thing doesnt only happen with dinosaurs; for example, the prehistoric horse formerly known as Eohippus now goes by the less user-friendly Hyracotherium.) Yes, Dinosaurs Can Be Named After People Surprisingly few dinosaurs are named after people, perhaps because paleontology tends to be a group effort and many practitioners dont like to call attention to themselves. Some legendary scientists, though, have been honored in dinosaur form: for example, Othnielia is named after Othniel C. Marsh (the same paleontologist who caused the whole Apatosaurus/Brontosaurus brouhaha), while Drinker wasnt a prehistoric alcoholic, but a dinosaur named after the 19th-century fossil hunter (and Marsh rival) Edward Drinker Cope. Other people-saurs include the amusingly named Piatnitzkysaurus and Becklespinax. Perhaps the most widely recognized people-saur of modern times is Leaellynasaura, which was discovered by a married pair of paleontologists in Australia in 1989. They decided to name this small, gentle ornithopod after their young daughter, the first time a child had ever been honored in dinosaur formand they repeated the trick a few years later with Timimus, an ornithomimid dinosaur named after the husband of this famous duo. (In the past few years, there have been many more dinosaurs named after women, correcting a long-time historical imbalance.) The Silliest, and Most Impressive, Dinosaur Names Every working paleontologist, it seems, harbors the secret desire to come up with a dinosaur name so impressive, so profound, and so just-plain-cool that it results in reams of media coverage. Recent years have witnessed such unforgettable examples as Tyrannotitan, Raptorex and Gigantoraptor, even if the dinosaurs involved were less impressive than you might think (Raptorex, for example, was only about the size of a full-grown human, and Gigantoraptor wasnt even a true raptor, but a plus-sized relative of Oviraptor). Silly dinosaur namesif theyre within the bounds of good taste, of coursealso have their place in the hallowed halls of paleontology. Probably the most famous example is Irritator, which received its name because the paleontologist restoring its fossil was feeling, well, particularly irritated that day. Recently, one paleontologist named a new horned, frilled dinosaur Mojoceratops (after the mojo in the expression Ive got my mojo working), and lets not forget the famous Dracorex hogwartsia, after the Harry Potter series, which was named by pre-teen visitors to the Childrens Museum of Indianapolis!

Ethical Dilemma about the Same Sex Marriage Research Paper - 2

Ethical Dilemma about the Same Sex Marriage - Research Paper Example Over the years many states have started to embrace the idea of same-sex marriages especially the controversial gay marriages. There are many controversies which surround the issue which ranges from ethical concerns to religious issues. The stigma created by the people on the people on the individuals embracing the idea has left many who practice it to hide for the fear of being subjected to social discrimination and stigmatization in the society. Many churches have not accepted the idea and they strongly advocate for its shunning citing various scriptures in the holy books that state against the practice. This has stirred a big debate on the acceptance of this behavior which was initially not acceptable but currently gaining so much popularity and many people including celebrities coming up and confessing of having been in same-sex relationships for a long time. The people involved have been fighting for their freedom of expression and interaction and this has pushed many jurisdictions to bow to their demand and allow the marriages. One of the ideas that arise when the issue of same-sex marriages spring up is what should come first, the right of the individual or morality. The constitutions that govern many states are categorical when it comes to the issue of human rights. Therefore the people who engage in this actions are guarded by the clauses that give them the right way to interact with whomever they want to. Therefore it would be against the constitution to impose a rule on them that would subject them to following a line of thought that they are not ready to subscribe to While advocating for their rights, the people championing stated that every person should respect each and every one's uniqueness and so say that they support the idea is their own choice of their life anyway.

Business Ethic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Ethic - Essay Example It is clear that the government puts up a consolidated fight to come up with the required type of legislations but it is without consultation of the main players in the industry. It is true that the fact that the people have to pay dearly when the cost of the products produced is priced higher than usually is targeted by the manufacturer. Here, Bowie is looking at the negativity of having a company produce goods at the expense of having people in the environment around them face the impact of the environmental degradation. This is what is referred to as a negative externality. Externality of an economic transaction is an impact on a party that is not directly involved in the said transaction. This is where by the prices do not reflect the full costs or the benefits that are to be accrued from the production or consumption of the produce or service that is in question. This implies that the producers and consumers in the market may either not bear all the cost or obtain the benefits expected from the economic activity. A positive impact in the business is commonly referred to as an external benefit while the negative one is referred to as an external cost. This implies that from these two, one can either create an environment conducive for producing external benefits or minimize the costs of external costs. In this case of Bowie, there are more external costs than external benefits given the case of people having to be affected by the environmental effects caused by the creation of more vehicles that produce environmentally poisonous gases (436). It is cle ar that the people in the legislation field have to look at the effects of effecting these legislations and involve the key stakeholders to come up with the required regulations for the industry. In a very competitive market though, the existence of externalities will cause either too much or too little of the goods produced or consumed in terms of the overall costs and the benefits it is supposed